(Humanities, social and applied sciences) Misan Journal of Academic Studies

Determine the bacterial resistance of Streptococcus sobrinus to antibiotics

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Antibiotics are chemical compound produced by microorganism that kill, or inhibits the growth of the other microorganism. Antibiotics are divided into two types based on their action: bacteriostatic antibiotics, such as tetracycline, and bactericidal antibiotics, such as penicillin. The study aimed was to determine bacterial resistance of S. sobrinus to antibiotics and detect resistance genes. The results for S. sobri

nus showed that 41.6% of isolates formed biofilms, and 58.3% were non-biofilm-forming. The results show a clear variation in resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics. S. sobrinus isolates showed 100% complete resistance to amoxicillin. These isolates also showed high resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin (75%), and 66.67% resistance to ciprofloxacin. The isolates showed sensitivity to s (91.67%), erythromycin (50%), gentamycin (41%), cls (66.67%), and hls (75%).

Incidence, pattern and management of mandibular fractures in Al-Anbar governorate in 100 patients

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Mandibular fracture is one of the most common fractures of the maxillofacial region. The pattern of mandibular fractures varies from country to country and these variations can be due to social, cultural, and environmental factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and pattern and management of mandibular fractures in Al -Anbar governorate. A prospective study of 100 patients with mandibular fractures was conducted in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery /at AL-Ramadi teaching Hospital in AL-Ramadi City from July 2024 to February 2025. These patients were examined both using clinical and radiographic parameters for mandibular fracture. Data concerning age, gender, causes of fracture and sites of fracture were analyzed. Out of 100 patients, 82 (82%) were male patients and 18(18%) were female patients. Most common age group was between 20-29 years. Most common cause of mandibular fracture was road traffic accidents accounting for 58(58 %) cases followed by fall injury in 25(25%) cases. Most common site involved was parasymphysis 39(39%) followed by body16(16%). Most patients of mandibular fractures were treated by open reduction (miniplates fixation. resorbable plate fixation). Rest of the patients were treated with closed reduction (arch bar, arch bars with intermaxillary fixation IMF, eyelet wiring). Only 6% patients were managed by conservative approach. The present study concluded that the young males are the most common category exposing to mandibular fracture due to traffic accident.

Evaluation of salivary IL33 and IL37 in Periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

periodontal disease is a long-term inflammatory condition linked to microbes that causes the tooth-supporting structure to deteriorate, periodontitis is a common condition among diabetics and has a strong correlate with the degree and severity of hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of the IL-33 and IL-37 in patients both with and without diabetes type 2 mellitus who had periodontitis. a cytokine in periodontal etiology that has not yet been studied.

The Impact of the Waterfall Technique on Spelling Accuracy and Vocabulary Retention among Primary EFL Learners

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Vocabulary and spelling are fundamental components in developing language proficiency; especially at the elementary stages of learning. Therefore, EFL teachers should adopt the most effective ways for teaching these skills. This study investigates the effectiveness of the Waterfall Technique in enhancing spelling accuracy and vocabulary retention among fifth-grade students. The research was conducted at a randomly selected school in the Karkh district of Baghdad and involved 60 students, equally divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught using the waterfall technique, while the control group followed traditional methods. Results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of performance, engagement, and motivation, confirming the technique’s effectiveness in teaching spelling and vocabulary.

Salivary biomarkers of oxidants and antioxidants for chronic renal disease in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

The steady decrease in glomerular filtration rate is a hallmark of chronic kidney failure, culminating in elevated serum creatinine concentrations and blood uric nitrogen. Chronic renal failure patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are increasingly diagnosed with oxidative stress. This cross-sectional study sought to estimate oxidative and antioxidative salivary biomarkers (malondialdehyde and catalase) in chronic renal disease patients and compare them to healthy control subjects. This research was performed at Al-Sader Medical City in Al Najaf. There were 60 participants separated into two groups: 30 patients made up the first group, with chronic renal failure, who had hemodialysis. The second group comprised 30 healthy patients with no severe disease in their medical history. It was noted that there were more females than males in this study. The current results indicated a considerable disparity between the MDA value in the control and uncontrolled groups. The MDA value exhibited a greater magnitude in the uncontrolled group. Conversely, the CAT value indicated a statistically significant distinction between the uncontrolled and control groups, with the control group exhibiting a higher CAT value than the uncontrolled group. The primary cause of free radical production and enzymatic antioxidant losses is hemodialysis; this indicates that HD intensifies oxidative stress rather than alleviating it.

Early detection and segmentation of asphalt pavement cracks: Iraqi highways as case study

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Ensuring the safety and reliability of roadway infrastructure is a significant task that requires continuous monitoring and analyzing of asphalt cracks. This issue involves automatic detecting and quantifying various types of pavement cracks, which reflect the overall condition and safety of the pavement. Consequently, early detection of pavement cracks is crucial for preventing pavement degradation, safeguarding the underlying foundation layers, minimizing maintenance efforts and expenses, and ensuring safety for all road users.

This paper proposed an interesting system for detecting asphalt cracks in roads based on deep learning techniques that combines object detection and sematic segmentation, first The YOLOv10 model serves as the object detection framework. Second, crack segmentation model is employed using attention U-Net to carry out pixel-level segmentation.

The system has been trained, evaluated, and tested using two datasets: The SUT-Crack dataset and the IRD-Crack dataset. The proposed system shows excellent performance across different metrics such as Recall, Precision, Accuracy, mAP, Confidence score, and Dice coefficient. The accuracy reached up to 99.01%, demonstrating its ability to be applied in real-world environments

Buzzwords in English Parliament Elections

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

This study explores the emotional and strategic use of buzzwords in English parliamentary elections through a quantitative discourse analysis of campaign speeches, party manifestos, and televised debates in 2015, 2019, and 2024 election cycles· Grounded in Critical Discourse Analysis, Framing Theory (Entman, 1993), and the PERMA developed by Seligman (2011), outlines five core elements of well-being Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment which together represent the emotional and psychological dimensions that contribute to human flourishing, the research examines the frequency, emotional valence, and rhetorical function of politically salient terms· A corpus of approximately 80,000 words from major UK political parties were analyzed using corpus linguistics tools and sentiment coding· Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated the categorization of buzzwords into five emotional dimensions, while regression analysis revealed that positively valenced and meaning-driven buzzwords significantly predicted lexical prominence· The findings demonstrate a growing reliance on emotionally affirmative and identity-framing language in post-Brexit political discourse· These results highlight the central role of emotional framing in shaping public engagement and suggest broader implications for political communication, campaign strategy, and critical media literacy·

Strategic Planning to Improve Creativity Using Artificial Intelligence for Islamic University of Minnesota Students USA

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

This paper is to investigate how artificial intelligence may be used to boost strategic planning and creativity among students at the Islamic University in Minnesota, USA. In view of the fast developments in the educational and technical sectors, the study concentrated on evaluating how far AI technologies may improve students' strategic thinking abilities and academic creativity. The researcher used the descriptive analytical technique as the most suitable instrument for this kind of research as it enables methodical data analysis to grasp the reality of AI application in higher education. Randomly chosen to reflect the target group, 100 male and female students from the Islamic University in Minnesota made up the study sample. The data collecting instrument was a validated questionnaire created by the researchers comprising various parts assessing the key study variables: artificial intelligence, strategic planning, and creativity. The findings of the study showed a statistically significant favorable effect of applying AI instrument s on enhancing students' strategic planning skills. The results also showed that by offering dynamic and innovative-stimulating learning settings, artificial intelligence helps to improve students' creative abilities. The research also revealed no notable variations between men and women in terms of using artificial intelligence for creative and strategic planning. The findings led the researcher to advise universities to include artificial intelligence technologies into their courses and to train students to utilize them efficiently. The study underlined as well the need of creating educational policies in line with digital transformation and improving the results of higher education in the framework of the world knowledge economy.

The Effect of Crown Fabrication Materials on Wear Resistance and Retention Strength: An Experimental Study Using Statistical Analysis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

In vitro study investigates how crown materials affect retention strength and wear resistance in this study. The researchers produced thirty crown samples from zirconia, porcelain, and lithium disilicate before cementing them on standard dental models. Through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) researchers examined the surface structure while a mechanical friction simulation evaluated wear resistance. After the wear testing procedure, the analysis was performed. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retention strength. Researchers conducted Tukey post-hoc testing in addition to regression analysis and one-way ANOVA for their statistical analysis. From the data analysis, it was clear that material selection plays a crucial role in clinical crown durability, as evidenced by significant differences in wear resistance and retention

Structural and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Precipitation Method

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Sodium bicarbonate was used as a precipitation agent and copper nitrate as a precursor in the chemical precipitation process to create copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). After that, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultra-violet (UV) microscopy have been used for characterizing the NPs. The prepared CuO-NPs showed crystalline and nanosize XRD patterns. The 26 nm crystallite size of the CuO NPs is confirmed by Scherer's formula. According to the SEM image, the NPs have been spherical and tended of agglomerations. Copper oxide absorption spectrum at about 270nm is confirmed by the UV-visible.

Exploring Ideological Positioning in Barack Obama’s Speech on Same-Sex Marriage: An Appraisal Theory Analysis

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

The current qualitative and descriptive study examines the stance of one of America's critical figures, President Barack Obama, on the sensitive phenomenon of same-sex marriage by utilizing Appraisal Theory. The study aims to analyze a series of Obama’s discourses from 2004 to 2011, thus it helps the reader grasp how well-known the American political figure like Obama uses language to influence the public and policies regarding LGBTQ+ rights. The findings show a remarkable shift in Obama’s rhetoric, evolving from a cautious endorsement of civil union to a strong advocacy for marriage equality. Utilizing the Appraisal theory helps deconstruct Obama’s use of language to transfer emotions, judgment, and engagement. Obama tries to show the audience his fairness, empathy, and inclusivity. His ability to engage with diverse perspectives and intensify his advocacy efforts reflects his growing commitment to social justice. The study illustrates the powerful role of political discourse in fostering social change, challenging discrimination, and promoting equality

Evaluating the Government Hospitals’ Efficiency and Their Impact on Human Development in Iraq

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Actually, hospitals are considered most important and prominent healthcare institutions providing healthcare services. They are the cornerstone upon which a city relies to obtain these services, as they care for people's health and psychological well-being, enabling them to perform their duties effectively. They also provide all medical and consulting specialties. Given their importance, they are located in an urban area that is a convenient location to ensure accessibility for residents, as well as ensuring access to all their treatment and hospitalization needs.

The current study aims to examine the reality of healthcare services in terms of number and geographical distribution, achieving balanced growth between the number of government hospitals and healthcare personnel on the one hand, and the quality of healthcare services on the other. It also aims to achieve human and health development to meet the community's needs for health services, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study has found that the highest percentage of government hospitals was concentrated in the Iraqi capital (Baghdad), with (35) hospitals, including (9,297) doctors with various specialties. This was in addition to the unfair distribution of government hospitals among the Iraqi governorates, with Muthanna and Kirkuk governorates recording the lowest number of government hospitals

Enzymatic activity of fungi isolated from Otomycosis

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

This study aimed to the extracellular enzymayic activity of fungi causing otitis externa isolated from infected individuals in Maysan Governorate on solid media. The ability of nine fungi to secrete three enzymes: phospholipase, esterase, and hemolysin was studies.The results of the current study showed that the fungi A. terreu, G. candidum, A.alternate , R.oryzae , C.cladosporioide have the ability to produce all the studied enzymes while P. chrysogenum was found to secrte esterase and phospholipase A. niger was found to produce phospholipase and hemolysin , while A.flavus and A.oryzae showed the ability to produce esterase and phospholipase.

The Reality of Primary School Teachers’ Practice of Professional Accreditation Standards in Light of Approaches to Teacher Professionalization from the Supervisors’ Point of View

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

The study is an attempt to identify the reality of primary school teachers’ practice of professional accreditation standards in light of approaches to teacher professionalization from the supervisors’ point of view. The study sample consisted of supervisors in the educational supervision department /Maysan Education Directorate, academic year (2024-2025). The number of supervisors was (62) male and (16) female. The researcher prepared the research tool (professional accreditation standards in light of approaches to teacher professionalization), and items for each standard follow it. Firstly, meditative practice preface: (first standard, to master the cognitive structure of the specialization) (to master the approaches and strategies of education and learning) (to be keen on the continuous professional development). Secondly, investigative approach preface: (first standard, planning), (second standard, implementation), (third standard and assessment),. Thirdly, Ethics of the education profession preface: first standard, (to be cooperative member in school and local community), second standard (the professional ethics in evaluation and examination processes), third standard (professional ethics in school activities)

The relationship of abrogation between the Qur'an and the Sunnah

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

This study delves into the intricate relationship of naskh (abrogation) between the texts of the Quran and the Sunnah. The researcher explores the various scholarly viewpoints on the types of naskh, meticulously examining the evidence presented by both proponents and opponents. This exploration culminates in the establishment of the most sound position on each related issue.

The study elucidates that "abrogation of a ruling" (naskh al-hukm) is what is meant by the verses concerning "abrogation" (naskh), "substitution" (tabdil), and "erasure and affirmation" (mahw wa ithbat). The primary justification for its permissibility lies in its occurrence within the Quran itself. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the Quran has abrogated certain rulings established by the Sunnah, such as the change of the qibla (direction of prayer). Critically, the study establishes the existence of multiple impediments that preclude the Sunnah from abrogating the Quran. The study underscores that the Quran is the foundation of the Sunnah's authority and validity. The Quran defines the Sunnah's primary role as clarification (bayan) and detailed explanation (tafsil) of the Quranic text. Consequently, the Sunnah is considered a branch and a subsidiary to the Quran, existing in alignment with it, not in opposition. Therefore, it is logically untenable for the Sunnah to abrogate the Quran.

Visual Art Methods and Techniques in Contemporary Art - American Painting as a Model

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

The research, entitled "Methods and Techniques of Visual Art in Contemporary Art - American Painting as a Model," comprises three chapters. The first chapter includes the structure of the research's methodological framework, which includes the research problem represented by the following question: How have the methods and techniques of visual art contributed to shaping the features of contemporary American painting, and what is the impact of these methods on the visual and symbolic structure of artworks? It also addresses the importance of the research and its objectives, which were: 1. Identify the most prominent methods and techniques used in contemporary visual art. 2. Demonstrate the aesthetic and intellectual dimensions of these techniques. 3. Clarify the impact of technology and globalization on visual art in the modern era. It then defines the most important terms relevant to the research. The second chapter, which contains the structure of the theoretical framework and previous studies, consists of three sections:

The role of contemporary technologies, such as 3D printing and digital art, in the development of American visual art.
The concept of visual arts in contemporary art.
Transformations of American Painting in Light of Social and Cultural Changes

The third chapter was devoted to the research procedures, which included: the research community consisting of (30) works documented in the artists' archives, their galleries, and the Internet, and the purposive sample of (3) works to represent the diversity and variety of techniques and styles of contemporary American painting. The chapter also included the research tool, which relied on indicators of the theoretical framework and observation. The fourth chapter was devoted to presenting the most prominent results, conclusions, and recommendations reached through the analytical study. The most prominent results were: 1- The emergence of a clear stylistic diversity in contemporary works, in terms of the use of graffiti, symbols, and vibrant colors, reflecting a visual development freed from traditional molds, the influence of technology and artificial intelligence in contemporary art, and the transformation of the recipient into an interactive element within the work, which enhances a new and shared artistic experience. In addition, the possibility of employing simple=-09876materials in innovative compositional methods while maintaining the aesthetic dimension, in an artistic overlap. Between modernity and expressive concepts. The paper then presents the most important conclusions and recommendations. The paper concludes with a list of references and sources

Word-Displacement in The Poetry of Alsa’aleek “Vagabonds” (Selected Examples)

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Literary phenomena are characterized by a kind of word-displacement in depicting reality in different ways based on what the poet creates with his broad imagination. It produces a pattern of astonishing strangeness and an amazement has a strong effect on standardizing how a recipient conveys the text. It was a live representation of this reality, and a true reflection of the atmosphere in which it derived its strength and meaning. Scholars still do not pay the attention to the literary phenomena, with their different characteristics in various fields of Arabic disciplines especially in word-displacement in the old and modern poetry since it has an effective strength. It obligates to identify the productive requirements of the poetic discourse since it was a notion that resulted from the events that affected the poet’s spirit. It made him or her to write his or her poetry according to their requirements. One of the most prominent literary phenomena is word-displacement, which surged in the post-modern era where it became common in the curricula, syllabuses, and literary schools that work to read the poetic text according to well-known mechanisms and steps of standardized procedures. It became very common. Most critics began to achieve their goal from readings of poetic discourse based on the mechanisms of this phenomenon. The theory of word-displacement received an attention and the current study focused on what the researcher had prepared of its importance by paying attention to its stylistic, pictorial, and linguistic levels

The deficiency of language in perspective the martyr Muhammad Al-Sadr in the book of Menna Al-Mannan in Defense of the Qur’an.

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

This research sheds light on the effort of the martyr Muhammad al-Sadr in explaining the deficiency of language in the writing of Minna al-Mannan in defense of the Qur’an because of the great importance of language in communication, conveying meaning in the forms of words, and bringing out what is in the soul into the space of hearing, and thus it expands for many words. The language suffers from a deficiency in this, especially in the Holy Qur’an. Thus, I examined the causes of the language’s deficiency and its manifestations, such as repetition, metaphor, and interpretation, to arrive at the deficiency of the language in the Holy Qur’an according to the foundation of the martyr Muhammad al-Sadr, and proven by evidence for that

The Employment of Historical Symbolism by the Poets of the Seventies Generation:)Khazal Al-Majidi as a Model(

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

Every era has its own history, every generation its time, and every art form its characteristics. This is evident in the poets of the seventies generation. During this period, many poets emerged whose poetry was deeply immersed in the use of symbolism as an equivalent to reality and a means of expressing it. The employment of symbolism had its motives and reasons, prompting poets to utilize symbols to convey societal issues.

Among the most significant symbols frequently employed by poets was the historical symbol, as it represents a glorious past and a rich heritage. Through the evocation of the past in the present, the poet attempts to express a future vision. This was particularly evident in the works of one of the most prominent poets of this generation, Khazal Al-Majidi. His poetry abounded with various symbols, the most notable of which was the historical symbol. This inclination may be attributed to his academic specialization, as he is an expert in ancient history

The Level of Employing Professional Technical Skills by Art Education Teachers in Integrating the Relationship Between the Sciences and the Arts, from the Perspective of Specialty Supervisors

2025-07-06T21:18:38+00:00

The research aims to determine: (The Level of Employing Professional Technical Skills by Art Education Teachers in Integrating the Relationship Between the Sciences and the Arts, from the Perspective of Specialty Supervisors). To achieve the research objective, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (45) educational supervisors in Iraq, excluding the Kurdistan region, who were selected randomly. The research tool was a questionnaire for professional technology skills that included (49) items distributed across seven areas: (drawing, engraving and printing, ceramics, paper crafts, three-dimensional shaping, textiles, embroidery), with (7) items for each skill. To statistically analyze the data, the researcher used statistical methods: (percentage, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha equation, standard deviation, weighted mean, percentage weight). The results of the research indicated that the level of employment of art education teachers for professional technology skills was (average).

The Impact of a Teaching Strategy Based on TRIZ Theory on Developing Higher-Order Thinking Skills Among Gifted Students in Mathematics

2025-07-06T21:18:39+00:00

The research aims to identify the impact of a teaching strategy based on the TRIZ theory on developing higher-order thinking skills among gifted students in mathematics. The sample was selected using a simple random method, consisting of 42 gifted second-grade intermediate students. The two researchers prepared a higher-order thinking skills test, comprising 9 objective items and 3 essay items. The psychometric properties and face validity were verified, and Cronbach's alpha equation was used to calculate the test's reliability. The results showed the experimental group's superiority in the post-test of higher-order thinking skills. Based on these findings, the two researchers presented some recommendations and suggestions.

The poetic image in the Diwan of Al-Oqaisher Al-Asadi

2025-07-06T21:18:39+00:00

Al-Oqaisher Al-Asadi is considered one of the poets of the Umayyad era who employed his artistic tools to form his poetic images. This research came to stand on his poetic image, as it has not been studied before, despite the distinction of his poetic image in diversity between the rhetorical image, which is the most important component of constructing the poetic poem, and it is one of the important branches in the science of rhetoric, and the sensory image in its various types, which is considered one of the artistic images that are linked to the senses

This research came to stand at them and show how to employ them in Al-Oqaisher’s poetry by following the analytical method through analyzing some poetic models that included those images, and showing the poet’s creativity in forming those images. The researcher chose the sensory and rhetorical images to stand at them because she found a clear presence of them in the poet’s collection of poems, as they formed a large percentage in the collection, in addition to what those images were distinguished by in terms of artistic beauty in the description in which those images were mentioned, which made this research constitute a new addition to the literary studies of the poet, even though the poetic image has been studied within other studies of other poets, but in this research we have devoted it to studying the image in his collection of poems.

The research was divided into two sections: the first came to define the research concepts, and the second came to examine the poetic image in the collection of poems of Al-Oqaisher Al-Asadi and the inclusion of the sensory image and the rhetorical image. We followed that with the research results and the most important sources and references that we relied on in this research

The efficiency of some Iraqi clays in adsorbing lead using miscible displacement method

2025-07-06T21:18:39+00:00

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Iraqi clays in adsorbing, holding, and trapping lead. To achieve this purpose, a group of sites were selected that were distinguished by their high clay content, and included Dhi Qar Governorate (Al-Fajr, Al-Shatrah, Al-Rifai, Sayyid Dakhil, Al-Islah), Maysan Governorate (Ali Al-Gharbi, Ali Al-Sharqi, Al-Maymouna, Al-Majjar Al-Kabir) and Wasit Governorate (Al-Aziziyah, Al-Numaniyah, Al-Ahrar) where soil models were collected from a depth of (0-30) cm and transported to the laboratory, dried, ground, and sieved with a sieve with a diameter of 2 mm to prepare them for laboratory analysis, which included measuring some physical, chemical, and mineral characteristics as well as estimating the content of the element lead. Mineral analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction. After separating the clay by removing binders, the concentration of lead ranged between (6.5-30.4) mg/kg, where the highest value was in Al-Amarah, the center of Maysan Governorate, while the lowest value was recorded in Al-Maymouna District, Maysan Governorate, A laboratory experiment was conducted by making glass columns of soil and washing them with solutions of elemental lead at different concentrations and periods to shed light on the ability of clay to adsorb, hold, and trap elemental lead Adsorption equations were applied in the studied soil samples to determine the ability of these soils to adsorb and extract the constants of these equations. Adsorption equations were applied to the lead element of some of the studied soils to determine their efficiency in adsorbing this element, as the results showed the superiority of the Numaniyah soil in Wasit Governorate in the values of maximum adsorption qmax. It recorded 71%, while the lowest values were in Maysan Governorate, Ali Al-Gharbi District, where the removal efficiency reached 36%. This naturally reflects the high efficiency of Numaniyah soil in removing lead from contaminated soil. As for the values of the correlation coefficient (R2), the results showed the superiority of the Lankmeyer equation in the values of the correlation coefficient, as it gave high values for the correlation coefficient compared to the Friedlich equation, which is due to the nature of the clay minerals prevailing in this soil, represented by montmorillonite minerals, which is characterized by a high specific surface area and cation exchange capacity, which It represents the amount of negative charges carried by this metal.As for the values of the correlation coefficient (R2), the results showed the superiority of the Lankmeyer equation in the values of the correlation coefficient, as it gave high values for the correlation coefficient compared to the Friedlich equation, which is considered one of the experimental equations.

Effectiveness of the Innovative Matrix Strategy in the Achievement of Students in the Department of Artistic Education in the Subject of Arabic Calligraphy

2025-07-06T21:18:39+00:00

The aim of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of the Innovative Matrix Strategy in improving the academic achievement of students in the Department of Artistic Education in the subject of Arabic Calligraphy. The researcher formulated the null hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) significance level between the mean scores of the experimental group, who were taught using the Innovative Matrix Strategy, and the mean scores of the control group, who were taught using the traditional method, in the post-test achievement test. She used the experimental method and the partial control experimental design, which included two groups. They are namely experimental and control groups with a post-test to assess achievement. The study community consisted of third-year students in the Departments of Artistic Education in the Colleges of Basic Education across all Iraqi universities for the academic year (2024 – 2025), with a total of two departments (Al-Mustansiriya University and University of Misan,). The sample of this study consisted of (61) students, including (30) in the experimental group and (31) in the control group. The researcher ensured equivalence between the two groups in terms of chronological age (calculated in months) and intellectual ability (IQ test). She also developed an achievement test consisting of (45) items distributed across the curriculum topics. After verifying its validity and reliability, the test was applied to the sample of this study. After conducting the statistical analysis, She concluded that the students in the experimental group, who were taught using the Innovative Matrix Strategy, performed better in material of the Arabic Calligraphy than the students in the control group who were taught using the traditional method. This provides clear evidence of the effectiveness of this strategy in improving the academic achievement of the study sample students

The Intertextuality in Modern Novel: a case study in its origins, manifestations, and Interpretation

2025-07-06T21:18:39+00:00

This paper aims to examine the phenomenon of intertextuality in the modern Arabic novel. It discusses the origins of this phenomenon and its various manifestations in Arabic narrative texts. The study also explores the influence of intertextuality on narrative structure and novelistic style, as well as its impact on language and linguistic expression.\

Furthermore, the paper investigates how intertextuality engages with characters and narrative patterns, shaping both the form and content of the text. It also considers the effect of intertextuality on the reader’s interpretation and its role in contemporary literary criticism.

The study highlights the significance of Arabic literary heritage and its connection to modern texts, showing how intertextual references contribute to a renewed understanding of Arab identity. Through this analysis, intertextuality is presented as a creative and dynamic tool that helps reconfigure Arabic literary identity.

Ultimately, studying this phenomenon enables both readers and critics to gain deeper insights into modern Arabic literature. The paper focuses on critical approaches and textual analyses that emphasize literary metaphors and cultural intersections in contemporary Arabic novels.

External Factors and Their Impact on the Structure of the Abbasid Poem

2025-07-08T20:02:00+00:00

The thematic structure of the Arabic poem has been characterized by two distinct patterns since the pre-Islamic era. The first pattern is that of the single-structured poem, in which the poet addresses a single subject. The second pattern is the multi-structured poem, where the poet tackles more than one subject, often two or three themes within a single composition.

A variety of factors and influences contributed to shaping these patterns of poetic structure. In the Abbasid era, the single-structured poem was significantly influenced by religious and psychological factors, as well as certain intellectual movements such as Sufism and asceticism (zuhd). Additionally, urban development and environmental changes played a role in reshaping the thematic structure of poetry. For instance, poets abandoned traditional introductions like descriptions of ruins (al-muqaddima al-talliyya) and journeys, replacing them with themes more suited to their contemporary environment and lifestyle.

On the other hand, the multi-structured poem was shaped by a commitment to classical traditions and an adherence to older poetic norms established by critics based on pre-Islamic poetry. This adherence was exemplified by figures such as Ibn Qutayba, who imposed upon later poets the framework of multi-thematic compositions