خصوصية المقامات وإيقاعاتها في غناء مدينة البصرة

Abstract

Song is regarded as a form of popular artistic expression, since it accompanies human and keeps pace with his conduct. It also expresses the experience of life practiced by him, whether the performance of the song collectively or individually. At the same time, it expresses the reality of social life and the psychological mood of the community, the social implications, physical, spiritual and organizational needs and keeping pace with life processions. Accordingly, it has become a prominent place among the types of creative arts and it has an impact on the prosperity of the community.

  Songs in Iraq, in general, and in the city of Basra in particular, have been marked by features and characteristics making them differed from a place to another depending on the geographical location, customs and traditions practiced by the people of that location.

     Singing in the city of Basra depends on certain lyrical maqam such as (Al-Hadeedi,  Al-Bahirzawa, Eastern Rast and  Al-Madmi ... etc.). These Maqams are one of the basic branches of the Maqams, and they are accompanied with certain rhythms  from the intrinsic environment in which performed, such as (Khashaba, Al-Heiwa or Al-Leiwa, Al-Samiri and Al-Qadri ... etc.). These rhythms and Maqams are the true representative of the feelings, sensations and tastes of the community in the city of Basra.
 The search is formed of four chapters: The first chapter is to review of the research problem on which the search has been constructed, and then the importance, the goal, limits of the research and determination of  research terms.

  The second chapter is of several themes, including: an introduction to the city of Basra and its lyrical arts and then, the first section is (the most prominent musical Maqams performed in the  singing of Basra), while the second section is (the most important rhythmic variants and their privacy in the singing of Basra).

  The third Chapter consists of a sample of research consisting of (3) songs that subject to musical scientific analysis and research methodology.

   The fourth chapter consists of  findings, conclusions and resources.